Urolithin

Nhanganyaya yeUrolithins

Urolithin mamoremetite echipiri eellagic acid yakatorwa kubva kune ellagitannins. Muvanhu ellagitannins anoshandurwa neguvhu microflora kuita ellagic acid iyo inoshandurwa kuita urolithins A, urolithin B, urolithin C uye urolithin D mumatumbu makuru.

Urolithin A (UA) ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda metabolite yeellagitannins. Nekudaro, urolithin A haizivikanwe kuti inoitika zvakasikwa mune chero chikafu chinowanikwa.

Urolithin B (UB) izere nemetabolite inogadzirwa mudumbu kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwemaelgitannins. Urolithin B ndicho chigadzirwa chekupedzisira mushure mezvimwe zvigadzirwa zveurolithin zvakagadziriswa. Urolithin B inowanikwa mumurini seurolithin B glucuronide.

  Urolithin A 8-Methyl Ether ndicho chigadzirwa chepakati panguva yeUrolithin A. Iyo yakakosha yechipiri metabolite yeellagitannin uye ine antioxidant uye inorwisa-kupisa zvivakwa.

Maitiro ekuita kweurolithin A uye B

● Urolithin A inokonzera mitophagy

Mitophagy ndiyo imwe yemhando yehutophagy iyo inobatsira kubvisa yakakanganisika mitochondrial yekushanda kwavo kwakakwana. Autophagy inoreva iyo yakajairika nzira iyo cytoplasmic zvirimo inosvibiswa uye nekudaro inogadziriswazve apo mitophagy ndiko kushatisa uye kudzokorodza mitochondria.

Munguva yekukwegura kuderera kwe autophagy chimwe chinhu chinotungamira mukudzikira kwemitochondrial basa. Kupfuurirazve, oxidative kusagadzikana kunogona zvakare kutungamira kune yakaderera autophagy. Urolithin A ane kugona kubvisa mitochondria yakaora kuburikidza nesarudzo autophagy.

● Antioxidant zvivakwa

Kushungurudzika kweOxidative kunoitika kana paine kusakwana pakati pemahara radicals uye antioxidant mumuviri. Aya akawandisa emahara radicals anowanzobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvakawanda zvisingaperi zvakadai semwoyo mitezo, chirwere cheshuga uye kenza.

Urolithins A uye B anoratidza antioxidant mhedzisiro kuburikidza nekukwanisa kwavo kuderedza mahara radicals uye zvakanyanya intracellular reactive oksijeni marudzi (ROS) mazinga uye zvakare inhibit lipid peroxidation mune mamwe maseru marudzi.

Kupfuurirazve, urolithin inokwanisa kudzivisa mamwe maokemikari e-oxidizing, kusanganisira monoamine oxidase A uye tyrosinase.

● Anti-anogumbura ehupfumi

Kuzvimba chiitiko chemuzvarirwo umo miviri yedu inorwisa chero chinhu chakadonha senge hutachiona, kukuvara, uye utachiona. Nekudaro, kuzvimba kusingaperi kunogona kukuvadza muviri sezvo izvi zvichisanganiswa nezvakakanganisika zvakasiyana senge asthma, nyaya dzemwoyo, uye gomarara. Kupora kusingaperi kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekusagadziriswa kurapwa kwakanyanya, kutapukira kana kunyangwe mahara radicals mumuviri.

Urolithins A uye B inoratidza anodzivirira kuzvimba zvinhu nekudzivirira nitric oxide kugadzirwa. Ivo kunyanya inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mapuroteni uye mRNA kutaura iyo ine mhosva yekuzvimba.

● Mishonga inorwisa utachiona

Utachiona hunosanganisira mabhakitiriya, fungi uye mavhairasi zvinoitika zvakasikwa munzvimbo uye kunyange mumuviri wemunhu. Nekudaro, hutachiona hushoma hunonzi hutachiona hunogona kukonzeresa chirwere chinotapukira senge furu, zviyero nemarariya.

Urolithin A uye B vanokwanisa kuratidza antimicrobial chiitiko nekuvhiringidza quorum sensing. Quorum sensing inzira yekukurukurirana kwebhakitiriya iyo inoita kuti mabhakitiriya awone uye kudzora maitiro ane hukama nehutachiona senge virulence uye motility.

● Inodzivirira protein glycation

Glycation inoreva chisungo chisina-enzymatic cheshuga kune lipid kana protein. Iyo yakakosha biomarker mune chirwere cheshuga uye kumwe kusagadzikana pamwe nekukwegura.

Yakanyanya protein protein glycation ndeye yechipiri mhedzisiro ye hyperglycemia ine basa rakakura mumatambudziko emoyo-akadai seshuga uye chirwere cheAlzheimer.

Urolithin A uye B vane anti-glycative zvivako zviri dhigirii iyo yakazvimiririra yavo yekuita antioxidant basa.

Urolithin A uye B inobatsira

Urolithins ane akawanda anobatsira mhedzisiro inotsigirwa neyakavakirwa-based humbowo hweanorwisa-kupisa, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, uye antimicrobial zvivakwa. Urolithin A mabhenefiti ane hukama zvakanyanya neiyo urolithin B mabhenefiti. Pazasi pane mamwe mabhenefiti akataurwa kubva kuurolithins;

Urolithin A inobatsira

(1) Inogona kuwedzera hupenyu
Urolithin A inokanganisa mitophagy nekusarudza kubvisa iyo yakadzika mitochondria. Izvi zvinovimbisazve kudzokorora mitochondria yekushanda kwakanyanya. Mitochondria inowanzo kukanganiswa nezera uye zvakare nekuda kwekunetseka. Kubvisa yakakanganisika mitochondria inoita basa mukuwedzera hupenyu.

Mukudzidza kwehonye, ​​urolithin Chiwedzerwa chakawanirwa pa50 µM kubva pachikamu chezai kusvika parufu chakawanikwa kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo ne45.4%.

Mune kumwe kuongorora kwakaitwa mu2019 uchishandisa senescent human fibroblasts, urolithin A yekuwedzera yakawanikwa kuratidza kugona kwekukwegura. Iyo yaikwanisa kuwedzera mhando 1 collagen expression uye zvakare kudzikisira kutaura kwematrix metalloproteinase 1.

Chidzidzo chidiki chevanhu chakaratidzawo kuti UAA yakakwanisa kuvandudza mashandiro emisumbu uye hutano hwemapfupa muvanhu vakura pavakapihwa nemuromo pa500-1000mg kwenguva yemavhiki mana.

(2) Batsira kudzivirira gomarara reprostate
Iyo urolithin uye yavo yekutanga, ellagitannins, vane anti-cancer cancer. Ivo vanokwanisa kudzivirira kenza-cell kuwedzera kuburikidza nekutenderera kwemaseru nekusunga apoptosis. Apoptosis zvinoreva kufa kwakagadzirirwa maseru umo muviri unobvisa cancer pamwe nemamwe maseru anotapukirwa.

Mukuongororwa kwemajoini akaiswa nemasero anorwara nevanhu, ellagitannins metabolites (Urolithin A) akawanikwa achikanganisa kukura kwekenza yeprostate. Chidzidzo chacho chakaenderera mberi chakataura nezvekukwirisa kwemetabolites muprostate gland, colon nematumbu.

(3) Kukurudzira kwekuziva
Urolithin A inokwanisa kuchengetedza mitsipa kubva kurufu uye zvakare inogona kukonzeresa neurogeneis kuburikidza nekurwisa-kurwisa kusaina.

Mukudzidza kwe mbeva nekukanganisika kwemukati, urolithin A yakawanikwa yekugadzirisa kusaziva uye kuchengetedza mitsipa kubva kuopoptosis. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti UA inogona kushandiswa pakurapa chirwere cheAlzheimer's (AD).

(4) Anti-kufutisa kugona
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti ellagitannins inokwanisa kudzivirira kuunganidzira lipid uye zvakare adipogenic mamakisi akadai sekutanga kukura kupindura protein 2 pamwe nekukurudzira-inosunga mapuroteni kuburikidza nesero kutenderera.

Urolithin A yakawanikwa yakanangana nekuvandudza insulin kunzwa saka inodzivirira kukura kwekuneta.

Muchidzidzo chemakonzo ane huturu hwekufutisa, urolithin Kuwedzeredzwa kwakawanikwa kuti udzivise kudya-kwakakora kufutisa uye metabolic kukanganiswa mumakonzo. Chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti UA kurapwa kwakawedzera simba rekushandisa saka rakaderera mumuviri misa.

Urolithin B inobatsira

Urolithin B anowedzera zvakare ane akati wandei mabhenefiti ehutano uye mazhinji acho akafanana neuriolithin A mabhenefiti.

(1) Anti-kenza kugona
Izvo zvinopesana nekuzvidzivirira kwezveurolithin B zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka mumiriri wekurwisa cancer. Vamwe vaongorori vakataura izvi zvinokwanisika mu fibroblasts, microphages uye endothelial masero.

Zvidzidzo zvakataura kuti UB inodzivirira mhando dzakasiyana dzegomarara senge prostate, colon uye chirwere chegomarara.

Mune chidzidzo chine chekuita necancer cancer cell, ellagitannins, ellagic acid uye urolithins A neB zvakaongororwa kune avo anokwanisa kupikisa cancer. Vakataura kuti marapirwo ese avakakwanisa kudzivirira kukura kwea cancer cancer. Vakavhiringidza maseru emukenza kuwedzera mukati mekutenderera kwemaseru pamatanho akasiyana uye nekukurudzira apoptosis.

(2) Inogona kubatsira kurwisa oxidative kusagadzikana
Urolithin B ine yakanakisa antioxidant zvivakwa kuburikidza nekudzora inoshanda yeoksijeni marudzi ezinga uye lipid peroxidation mune mamwe maseru marudzi. Iwo akakwira mamazinga eROS anosanganisirwa nematambudziko mazhinji senge chirwere cheAlzheimer.

Mune ongororo ine neuronal masero akaoneswa kune oxidative kusagadzikana, urolithin B inowedzera pamwe neyeurolithin A akawanikwa achidzivirira masero kubva ku-oxidation nokudaro akawedzera kupona kwesero.

(3) Urolithin B muchiyeuchidzo chekuwedzera
Urolithin b inonzi yakagadziriswa yekuvandudza kweropa-bhavha yekubvumira. Izvi zvinowedzera kushanda kwechiitiko.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti urolithin B inogona kuva yekukanganisa ndangariro nekuvandudza kuwoneka kwese kwesekuziva kushanda.

(4) Inodzivirira kurasikirwa kwemhasuru
Kurasikirwa kwemhasuru kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana sekukanganisa, kuchembera uye kushomeka kwemapuroteni mukudya. Matanho akati wandei okumisa, kudzikisira kana zvirinani kudzivirira kupererwa kwemhasuru kusanganisira, kurovedza muviri, zvinodhaka uye amino asidhi pamwe chete nepypyphenols zvinogona kushandiswa.

Urolithins inogona kuverengerwa sepolyphenols uye kutamba basa mukudzivirira kurasikirwa kwemhasuru nekutanga tsandanyama protein synthesis uye zvakare kudzora kudzikira.

Muchidzidzo nemakonzo, Urolithin B ma supplements akatumirwa kwenguva yakati rebei akawanikwa achivandudza muswe wawo mukukura sezvo mhasuru dzakaonekwa dzichikura.  

(5) Urolithin B anorwisa kuzvimba
Urolithin B ane anti-kuzvimba zvivakwa nekudzora zvakanyanya kuzvimba mamaka.

 Muchidzidzo chemakonzo ane imposed renal fibrosis, urolithin B akawanikwa achigadzirisa kukuvara kweitsvo. Yakawedzera basa retsvo, morphology yeitsvo pamwe nekuderedza revo yekukuvara kwetsvo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti UB yakakwanisa kudzora kuzvimba kwetsvo.

(6) Synergistic mabhenefiti eurolithin A uye B
Synergistic mhedzisiro zvakare yakataurwa mukubatanidzwa kweurolithin A uye B mukuziva kwekuita uye kugona. Chidzidzo ichi chakataura kuti kusangana uku kunogona kushandiswa mukurapa kana kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwakanangana nehumwe nedementia senge kushushikana kana chirwere cheAlzheimer.

Zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinosangana ne urolithins ndezve;

• Neuroprotection
• Inogadzirisa metabolic syndrome

Urolithin A uye B chikafu zvinyorwa

Urolithins haizivikanwe kuti inowanikwa nemusikirwo mune chero zvekudya zvinyorwa. Ivo zvigadzirwa zvekushandurwa kwe ellagic acids iyo inotorwa kubva kune ellagitannins. Ellagitannins inoshandurwa kuva ellagic acids neiyo gut microbiota uye ellagic acid inoshandurwa zvakare mune yayo metabolites (urolithins) mumatumbo makuru.

  Ellagitannins inoitika zvakasarudzika mune zvekudya senge mapomegranati, mabriji anosanganisira sitirobheni, raspberries, cloudberries uye mabheribheri, muscadine mazambiringa, maarumondi, magwavha, tii, uye nzungu senge walnuts uye chestnuts pamwe nezvinwiwa zvemakore eouki semuenzaniso waini tsvuku uye whiskey kubva migomo yemiouki.

Isu tinogona saka kupedzisa urolithin A chikafu uye urolithin B chikafu chikafu cheellagitannin. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ellagitannin bioavailability yakanyanya kuderera nepo yayo yechipiri metabolism (urolithins) iri nyore kuwanikwa.

Urolithins kuburitsa uye kugadzirwa zvinosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pevanhu kubvira kutendeuka kubva kumaelgitannins kunovimba ne microbiota mumatumbu. Kune chaiwo mabhakitiriya anobatanidzwa mukushandurwa uku uye anosiyana pakati pevanhu apo vamwe vane yakakwira, yakaderera kana isina kuwanikwa yakakodzera microbiota. Izvo zvekudya zvinyorwa zvinosiyanawo mumatanho avo eellagitannins. Nekudaro izvo zvingabatsire zveellagitannins zvinosiyana kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe.

Urolithin A uye B Zvinowedzera

Urolithin A zvinowedzerazve pamwe neUrolithin B zvinowedzerwa zviri nyore mumusika seellagitannin-yakafuma chikafu sosi inowedzera. Urolithin A zvinowedzera zvinowanikwa zviri nyore. Kazhinji mapomegraneti anowedzera ave akatengeswa zvakanyanya uye achishandiswa nekubudirira. Izvi zvinowedzera zvinogadzirwa kubva kumichero kana nzungu uye zvakagadzirwa kuita fomu remvura kana yeupfu.

Nekuda kwekusiyana kwema ellagitannins kuiswa mune zvakasiyana zvekudya, vatengi ve urolithin vanoitenga vachifunga nezvekudya. Izvi zvinoshandawo pakutsvaga urolithin B poda kana zvinowedzera mvura.

Iwo mashoma emakiriniki emakiriniki akaitiswa neurolithin A poda kana B havana kumhan'ara chero zvakakomba zvakakomba mhedzisiro kubva mukutungamira kweizvi zvinowedzera.

Dheuteronomio:

1. Garcia-Munoz, Cristina; Vaillant, Fabrice (2014-12-02). "Metabolic Fate yeEllagitannins: Zvinoreva Hutano, uye Maonero Ekutsvagisa Ezvinhu Zvitsva Zvekudya". Kuongorora Kwakakosha muKudya Sayenzi uye Kudya.
2. Bialonska D, Kasimsetty SG, Khan SI, Ferreira D (11 Mbudzi 2009). "Urolithins, intestinal microbial metabolites yePomegranate ellagitannins, inoratidza yakasimba antioxidant chiitiko mune sero-based assay". J Agric Chikafu Chem.
3. Bodwell, Graham; Pottie, Ian; Nandaluru, Penchal (2011). "Inverse Erekitironi-Inoda Dhiziri-Alder-Yakavakirwa Yese Synthesis yeUrolithin M7".